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你现在所在的位置: 每日一题 右边箭头 【阅读RC】-9182-OG15

【阅读RC】-9182-OG15

浏览次数:2592 日期:2016-12-30 10:21:51
According to one explanation of the "confusion effect", a fish that swims in a school will have greater advantages for survival if it

   Biologists have advanced two theories to explain why schooling of fish occurs in so many fish species. Because schooling is particularly widespread among species of small fish, both theories assume that schooling offers the advantage of some protection from predators.

   Proponents of theory A dispute the assumption that a school of thousands of fish is highly visible. Experiments have shown that any fish can be seen, even in very clear water, only within a sphere of 200 meters in diameter. When fish are in a compact group, the spheres of visibility overlap. Thus the chance of a predator finding the school is only slightly greater than the chance of the predator finding a single fish swimming alone. Schooling is advantageous to the individual fish because a predator's chance of finding any particular fish swimming in the school is much smaller than its chance of finding at least one of the same group of fish if the fish were dispersed throughout an area.

   However, critics of theory A point out that some fish form schools even in areas where predators are abundant and thus little possibility of escaping detection exists. They argue that the school continues to be of value to its members even after detection. They advocate theory B, the "confusion effect," which can be explained in two different ways.

   Sometimes, proponents argue, predators simply cannot decide which fish to attack. This indecision supposedly results from a predator's preference for striking prey that is distinct from the rest of the school in appearance. In many schools the fish are almost identical in appearance, making it difficult for a predator to select one.The second explanation for the "confusion effect" has to do with the sensory confusion caused by a large number of prey moving around the predator. Even if the predator makes the decision to attack a particular fish, the movement of other prey in the school can be distracting. The predator's difficulty can be compared to that of a tennis player trying to hit a tennis ball when two are approaching simultaneously.


According to one explanation of the "confusion effect", a fish that swims in a school will have greater advantages for survival if it

 A tends to be visible for no more than 200 meters

 B stays near either the front or the rear of an school

 C is part of a small school rather than a large school

 D is very similar in appearance to the other fish in the school

 E is medium-sized


【申友解析】


正确答案:D


这题问"confusion effect",即解释理论B中所述,下列那种情况下一条鱼有较高的存活率,定位到最后一段。能回答问题的一共有两点,第一点在“Sometimes”到“to select one”之间,说鱼数量多导致捕食者难以决定究竟吃谁;第二点在“The second explanation”到文章结尾,说鱼群中大量鱼的运动会使捕食者分心而难以捕食成功。五个选项中,A选项是第二段解释理论A的内容,B、C、E都是文章里没有提到的东西,只有D选项符合定位信息第一点。

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