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托福阅读EXCEPT题型讲解(二)

浏览次数:3626 日期:2017-06-22 16:54:20
运用传统的方式去破解EXCEPT题型,会浪费大家大量的时间,所以,我们的破解思路并不是以一种“自上而下”方式去做题,而是以“自下而上”的方式去快速解决EXCEPT题型,下面,我们就来回顾一下方法论。

运用传统的方式去破解EXCEPT题型,会浪费大家大量的时间,所以,我们的破解思路并不是以一种“自上而下”方式去做题,而是以“自下而上”的方式去快速解决EXCEPT题型,下面,我们就来回顾一下方法论。

 第一步,审清题干,提炼keywords(不要着急这个,怎么找kw来找我,我告诉你,以后也会讲到啦~~~)

 第二步,找到并理解选项中的关键词

 第三步,回溯定位句,直接找到答案

一、巧用并列关系

以上是方法论的巩固,下面,我们来探讨一下,EXCEPT题型中的一种技巧,即善用并列关系做题。

并列关系?纳尼?Come on 跟着我的节奏走~

举例

Entering the polis age, Athens had the traditional institutions of other Greek protodemocratic states: an assembly of adult males, an aristocratic council, and annually elected officials. Within this traditional framework the Athenians, between 600 B.C. and 450 B.C., evolved what Greeks regarded as a fully-fledged democratic constitution, though the right to vote was given to fewer groups of people than is seen in modem times.

According to paragraph 2, Athens had all of the following before becoming a city-state EXCEPT

A a council made up of aristocrats

B an assembly made up of men

C a constitution that was fully democratic

D officials who were elected yearl

第一步:审题题干

Athens had all of the following before becoming a city-state(重要信息)

第二步:找出选项的KW并理解含义

A a council made up of aristocrats

B an assembly made up of men

C a constitution that was fully democratic

D officials who were elected yearly

第三步:回溯定位

Entering the polis age, Athens had the traditional institutions of other Greek protodemocratic states: an assembly of adult males, an aristocratic council,and annually elected officials.

在读定位的过程中,我们发现了并列关系的存在,即an assembly of adult males,an aristocratic council与annually elected officials. 而我们可以惊喜的发现,”an assembly of adult males”对应的是B选项,an aristocratic council对应的是A选项,annually elected officials对应的是D选项。所以答案直接选C

二。背后机制探讨

首先,我们先来看一下并列关系的句式,通过并列句式的分析,我们可以看到其中出题的基本原理。”a, b, and c”这种是托福阅读经常会使用的句型,通过这个句型的基本结构可以发现,命题人可以把三个并列的事物a, b, c当做正确选项,那么剩下一个选项要么无中生有,要么明显与原文所属内容不一致。正如上面例题的定位句,”an assembly of adult males, an aristocraticcouncil, and annually elected officials”三个并列对应着三个不同的选项,而剩下的选项C明显是无中生有。因此,大家在阅读的过程碰见了并列结构应该尤为警惕。

来~来~try一try~

练习practice

The most recent comprehensive evaluation of early intervention programs suggests that, taken as a group, preschool programs can provide significant benefits, and that government funds invested early in life may ultimately lead to a reduction in future costs. For instance, compared with children who did not participate in early intervention programs, participants in various programs showed gains in emotional or cognitive development, better educational outcomes, increased economic self-sufficiency, reduced levels of criminal activity, and improved health-related behaviors.

Paragraph 5 mentions that participants in early intervention programs have been shown to do all of the following better than nonparticipants EXCEPT

A Take care of their health

B Support themselves financially

C Take care of their own children

D Have increased emotional development

第一步:审清题干

第二步:找出并理解选项关键信息

第三步:回溯定位

compared with children who did not participate in early intervention programs, participants in various programs (发现了并列结构)showed gains in emotional or cognitive development(对应D选项), better educational outcomes, increased economic self-sufficiency(对应B选项), reduced levels of criminal activity, and improved health-related behaviors(对应A选项).好了这个杀死,答案选C

The harsh conditions in deserts are intolerable for most plants and animals. Despite these conditions, however, many varieties of plants and animals have adapted to deserts in a number of ways. Most plant tissues die if their water content falls too low: the nutrients that feed plants are transmitted by water; water is a raw material in the vital process of photosynthesis; and water regulates the temperature of a plant by its ability to absorb heat and because water vapor lost to the atmosphere through the leaves helps to lower plant temperatures. 

According to paragraph 1, water provides all of the following essential functions for plants EXCEPT

A improving plants’ ability to absorb sunlight

B preventing plants from becoming overheated

C transporting nutrients

D serving as a raw material for photosynthesis 

第一步审清题干

第二步找出并理解选项关键信息

第三步回溯定位句

Most plant tissues die if their water content falls too low:(发现并列结构) the nutrients that feed plants are transmitted by water(对应C); water is a raw material in the vital process of photosynthesis(对应D); and water regulates the temperature of a plant by its ability to absorb heat and because water vapor lost to the atmosphere through the leaves helps to lower plant temperatures(对应B).好了这个题杀死,答案选A 

是今天我为大家介绍的,如何运用并列关系来做EXCEPT题型,至于其他的技巧就不再做说明了,我们课上见,

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